Fourth National IPM Symposium


Fourth National IPM
Symposium/Workshop
2003



 Session: Assessing the Impact of Inundatively-Released Biocontrol Fungi
Wednesday 1:45 PM - 3:15 PM
Organizer(s):
John Vandenberg (JDV3@CORNELL.EDU)


The following presentations are in this session:

1:50 PM - 2:08 PM Mycoherbicides Raghavan Charudattan


2:08 PM - 2:26 PM Fungi for Plant Pathogen Control Robert P. Larkin [Download Presentation/Summary ]


2:26 PM - 2:44 PM Mycoinsecticides John D. Vandenberg [Download Presentation/Summary ]


2:44 PM - 3:02 PM Assessing Impact of Inundative Biocontrol Fungi: Mycoinsecticides – Regulations and Risks Stefan T. Jaronski [Download Presentation/Summary ]
    The USEPA risk evaluation of microbial pesticides with non-target insects involves a tiered system to provide a high degree of confidence that no unreasonable adverse effects are likely to occur. The agency’s written assumption is that “There should be very few microbials which require effects testing beyond the Tier I level.” While many insect pathogens show a degree of host specificity that is accommodated by this system, Deuteromycete fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), which are receiving much recent commercial attention, are more generalist pathogens, with a variable but usually wide host spectrum, even on a strain level. My contention is that because many (most) Deuteromycetes are generalists, Tier 1 lab bioassays for acute pathogenicity, typically submitted for registration, can lead to exaggerated adverse effects. In nature, there are ecological and behavioral barriers to a significant impact on NTOs (and in some cases even the target insects). Establishment of these fungi in target populations, even after inundative release, has rarely been observed. Typically, impact on the target population decreases within a short time, unless the pathogen population is repeatedly and substantially replenished. I would like to illustrate my point by drawing on a couple of examples from my experience with Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA. Honeybees, whitefly parasitoids in melons, and heteropteran predators in cotton. With at least some of the generalist hyphomycetes, field assessments may be the only reliable predictive tool and should be emphasized. This strategy has a second beneficial outcome: learning how to integrate a MPCA with predators and parasites, rather than simply using the MPCA as a stand alone substitute for chemicals.